What is the role of AI models in term of developer's perspective?

Nowadays in year 2025, the storm of generative AI already happening for about two and the half years. But what is the role of AI models such as Open AI models, Gemini models, and many other open-source models such as Llama and Phi from developer's perspective? 

From a raw perspective, all AI models are just a raw material that required to build some things useful, but by itself it can be very primitive. Developers should use the raw material and by creativity and innovation build some things useful using the generative AI models.

By using another metaphor, AI models are just like programming languages, a programming language can be powerful, but without developers to build and innovate new pieces of software, the programming itself cannot be as useful as it can. 

Therefore, it is important and useful to at least learn how to apply the AI model before that can further innovate new pieces of software instead of just leaving generative AI as chatbots only. Developers do not always need to learn about machine learning, though it some time be useful and help, but they must learn how to apply the AI models.

SQL Server 2025 Incorrect syntax near '=' for AI_GENERATE_CHUNKS

If you get the error below on SQL Server 2025 for AI_GENERATE_CHUNKS AI functions, please make sure your database compatibility level is in SQL Server 2025 version.

Msg 102, Level 15, State 38, Line 8
Incorrect syntax near '='.

Completion time: 2025-05-30T16:50:52.0246402+08:00

You can set the DB compatibility level by right-click the DB > click the Properties menu > Options tab > Compatibility level.

How to add a Windows 11 guest that support the Windows 11 requirements on Windows 11 Hyper-V host?

If you try to setup Windows 11 guest on Windows 11 Hyper-V default template, you will found the error below during setup.

But since you are already in Windows 11 host, then your system should be supported Windows 11 system requirements. So, how to resolve this issue?

You just need to go to your virtual machine settings on Hyper-V, enable the TPM (Trusted Platform Module), then you are set to go on Windows 11 guest setup.

Intel 11th Generation CPU Instructions Available on Hyper-V

Below is list of CPU instructions available on Windows 11 Pro Host for an 11th Gen Intel processor using Sysinternals Coreinfo. 

Note: * should be available CPU Instruction, and - is not available.

HTT             *       Hyperthreading enabled
CET             *       Supports Control Flow Enforcement Technology
Kernel CET      -       Kernel-mode CET Enabled
User CET        *       User-mode CET Allowed
HYPERVISOR      *       Hypervisor is present
VMX             -       Supports Intel hardware-assisted virtualization
SVM             -       Supports AMD hardware-assisted virtualization
X64             *       Supports 64-bit mode

SMX             -       Supports Intel trusted execution
SKINIT          -       Supports AMD SKINIT
SGX             -       Supports Intel SGX

NX              *       Supports no-execute page protection
SMEP            *       Supports Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention
SMAP            *       Supports Supervisor Mode Access Prevention
PAGE1GB         *       Supports 1 GB large pages
PAE             *       Supports > 32-bit physical addresses
PAT             *       Supports Page Attribute Table
PSE             *       Supports 4 MB pages
PSE36           *       Supports > 32-bit address 4 MB pages
PGE             *       Supports global bit in page tables
SS              *       Supports bus snooping for cache operations
VME             *       Supports Virtual-8086 mode
RDWRFSGSBASE    *       Supports direct GS/FS base access

FPU             *       Implements i387 floating point instructions
MMX             *       Supports MMX instruction set
MMXEXT          -       Implements AMD MMX extensions
3DNOW           -       Supports 3DNow! instructions
3DNOWEXT        -       Supports 3DNow! extension instructions
SSE             *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions
SSE2            *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 2
SSE3            *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 3
SSSE3           *       Supports Supplemental SIMD Extensions 3
SSE4a           -       Supports Streaming SIMDR Extensions 4a
SSE4.1          *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 4.1
SSE4.2          *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 4.2

AES             *       Supports AES extensions
AVX             *       Supports AVX instruction extensions
AVX2            *       Supports AVX2 instruction extensions
AVX-512-F       *       Supports AVX-512 Foundation instructions
AVX-512-DQ      *       Supports AVX-512 double and quadword instructions
AVX-512-IFAMA   *       Supports AVX-512 integer Fused multiply-add instructions
AVX-512-PF      -       Supports AVX-512 prefetch instructions
AVX-512-ER      -       Supports AVX-512 exponential and reciprocal instructions
AVX-512-CD      *       Supports AVX-512 conflict detection instructions
AVX-512-BW      *       Supports AVX-512 byte and word instructions
AVX-512-VL      *       Supports AVX-512 vector length instructions
FMA             *       Supports FMA extensions using YMM state
MSR             *       Implements RDMSR/WRMSR instructions
MTRR            *       Supports Memory Type Range Registers
XSAVE           *       Supports XSAVE/XRSTOR instructions
OSXSAVE         *       Supports XSETBV/XGETBV instructions
RDRAND          *       Supports RDRAND instruction
RDSEED          *       Supports RDSEED instruction

CMOV            *       Supports CMOVcc instruction
CLFSH           *       Supports CLFLUSH instruction
CX8             *       Supports compare and exchange 8-byte instructions
CX16            *       Supports CMPXCHG16B instruction
BMI1            *       Supports bit manipulation extensions 1
BMI2            *       Supports bit manipulation extensions 2
ADX             *       Supports ADCX/ADOX instructions
DCA             -       Supports prefetch from memory-mapped device
F16C            *       Supports half-precision instruction
FXSR            *       Supports FXSAVE/FXSTOR instructions
FFXSR           -       Supports optimized FXSAVE/FSRSTOR instruction
MONITOR         *       Supports MONITOR and MWAIT instructions
MOVBE           *       Supports MOVBE instruction
ERMSB           *       Supports Enhanced REP MOVSB/STOSB
PCLMULDQ        *       Supports PCLMULDQ instruction
POPCNT          *       Supports POPCNT instruction
LZCNT           *       Supports LZCNT instruction
SEP             *       Supports fast system call instructions
LAHF-SAHF       *       Supports LAHF/SAHF instructions in 64-bit mode
HLE             -       Supports Hardware Lock Elision instructions
RTM             -       Supports Restricted Transactional Memory instructions

DE              *       Supports I/O breakpoints including CR4.DE
DTES64          *       Can write history of 64-bit branch addresses
DS              *       Implements memory-resident debug buffer
DS-CPL          -       Supports Debug Store feature with CPL
PCID            *       Supports PCIDs and settable CR4.PCIDE
INVPCID         *       Supports INVPCID instruction
PDCM            *       Supports Performance Capabilities MSR
RDTSCP          *       Supports RDTSCP instruction
TSC             *       Supports RDTSC instruction
TSC-DEADLINE    *       Local APIC supports one-shot deadline timer
TSC-INVARIANT   *       TSC runs at constant rate
xTPR            *       Supports disabling task priority messages

EIST            *       Supports Enhanced Intel Speedstep
ACPI            *       Implements MSR for power management
TM              *       Implements thermal monitor circuitry
TM2             *       Implements Thermal Monitor 2 control
APIC            *       Implements software-accessible local APIC
x2APIC          *       Supports x2APIC

CNXT-ID         -       L1 data cache mode adaptive or BIOS

MCE             *       Supports Machine Check, INT18 and CR4.MCE
MCA             *       Implements Machine Check Architecture
PBE             *       Supports use of FERR#/PBE# pin

PSN             -       Implements 96-bit processor serial number

PREFETCHW       *       Supports PREFETCHW instruction

Below is a list of CPU instructions available on Hyper-V Windows 10 guest.

HTT             *       Hyperthreading enabled
CET             *       Supports Control Flow Enforcement Technology
Kernel CET      -       Kernel-mode CET Enabled
User CET        *       User-mode CET Allowed
HYPERVISOR      *       Hypervisor is present
VMX             -       Supports Intel hardware-assisted virtualization
SVM             -       Supports AMD hardware-assisted virtualization
X64             *       Supports 64-bit mode

SMX             -       Supports Intel trusted execution
SKINIT          -       Supports AMD SKINIT
SGX             -       Supports Intel SGX

NX              *       Supports no-execute page protection
SMEP            *       Supports Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention
SMAP            *       Supports Supervisor Mode Access Prevention
PAGE1GB         *       Supports 1 GB large pages
PAE             *       Supports > 32-bit physical addresses
PAT             *       Supports Page Attribute Table
PSE             *       Supports 4 MB pages
PSE36           *       Supports > 32-bit address 4 MB pages
PGE             *       Supports global bit in page tables
SS              *       Supports bus snooping for cache operations
VME             *       Supports Virtual-8086 mode
RDWRFSGSBASE    *       Supports direct GS/FS base access

FPU             *       Implements i387 floating point instructions
MMX             *       Supports MMX instruction set
MMXEXT          -       Implements AMD MMX extensions
3DNOW           -       Supports 3DNow! instructions
3DNOWEXT        -       Supports 3DNow! extension instructions
SSE             *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions
SSE2            *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 2
SSE3            *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 3
SSSE3           *       Supports Supplemental SIMD Extensions 3
SSE4a           -       Supports Streaming SIMDR Extensions 4a
SSE4.1          *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 4.1
SSE4.2          *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 4.2

AES             *       Supports AES extensions
AVX             *       Supports AVX instruction extensions
AVX2            *       Supports AVX2 instruction extensions
AVX-512-F       *       Supports AVX-512 Foundation instructions
AVX-512-DQ      *       Supports AVX-512 double and quadword instructions
AVX-512-IFAMA   *       Supports AVX-512 integer Fused multiply-add instructions
AVX-512-PF      -       Supports AVX-512 prefetch instructions
AVX-512-ER      -       Supports AVX-512 exponential and reciprocal instructions
AVX-512-CD      *       Supports AVX-512 conflict detection instructions
AVX-512-BW      *       Supports AVX-512 byte and word instructions
AVX-512-VL      *       Supports AVX-512 vector length instructions
FMA             *       Supports FMA extensions using YMM state
MSR             *       Implements RDMSR/WRMSR instructions
MTRR            *       Supports Memory Type Range Registers
XSAVE           *       Supports XSAVE/XRSTOR instructions
OSXSAVE         *       Supports XSETBV/XGETBV instructions
RDRAND          *       Supports RDRAND instruction
RDSEED          *       Supports RDSEED instruction

CMOV            *       Supports CMOVcc instruction
CLFSH           *       Supports CLFLUSH instruction
CX8             *       Supports compare and exchange 8-byte instructions
CX16            *       Supports CMPXCHG16B instruction
BMI1            *       Supports bit manipulation extensions 1
BMI2            *       Supports bit manipulation extensions 2
ADX             *       Supports ADCX/ADOX instructions
DCA             -       Supports prefetch from memory-mapped device
F16C            *       Supports half-precision instruction
FXSR            *       Supports FXSAVE/FXSTOR instructions
FFXSR           -       Supports optimized FXSAVE/FSRSTOR instruction
MONITOR         -       Supports MONITOR and MWAIT instructions
MOVBE           *       Supports MOVBE instruction
ERMSB           *       Supports Enhanced REP MOVSB/STOSB
PCLMULDQ        *       Supports PCLMULDQ instruction
POPCNT          *       Supports POPCNT instruction
LZCNT           *       Supports LZCNT instruction
SEP             *       Supports fast system call instructions
LAHF-SAHF       *       Supports LAHF/SAHF instructions in 64-bit mode
HLE             -       Supports Hardware Lock Elision instructions
RTM             -       Supports Restricted Transactional Memory instructions

DE              *       Supports I/O breakpoints including CR4.DE
DTES64          -       Can write history of 64-bit branch addresses
DS              -       Implements memory-resident debug buffer
DS-CPL          -       Supports Debug Store feature with CPL
PCID            *       Supports PCIDs and settable CR4.PCIDE
INVPCID         *       Supports INVPCID instruction
PDCM            -       Supports Performance Capabilities MSR
RDTSCP          *       Supports RDTSCP instruction
TSC             *       Supports RDTSC instruction
TSC-DEADLINE    *       Local APIC supports one-shot deadline timer
TSC-INVARIANT   *       TSC runs at constant rate
xTPR            -       Supports disabling task priority messages

EIST            -       Supports Enhanced Intel Speedstep
ACPI            -       Implements MSR for power management
TM              -       Implements thermal monitor circuitry
TM2             -       Implements Thermal Monitor 2 control
APIC            *       Implements software-accessible local APIC
x2APIC          *       Supports x2APIC

CNXT-ID         -       L1 data cache mode adaptive or BIOS

MCE             *       Supports Machine Check, INT18 and CR4.MCE
MCA             *       Implements Machine Check Architecture
PBE             -       Supports use of FERR#/PBE# pin

PSN             -       Implements 96-bit processor serial number

PREFETCHW       *       Supports PREFETCHW instruction

If we compare between both, the result will be like below. As you can see, most of the CPU Instructions not available to the guest are mainly important for the Host OS only, such as Debug, Monitor, and Power Management.

List of CPU Instructions not available on the guest.

MONITOR         -       Supports MONITOR and MWAIT instructions
DTES64          -       Can write history of 64-bit branch addresses
DS              -       Implements memory-resident debug buffer
PDCM            -       Supports Performance Capabilities MSR
xTPR            -       Supports disabling task priority messages
EIST            -       Supports Enhanced Intel Speedstep
ACPI            -       Implements MSR for power management
TM              -       Implements thermal monitor circuitry
TM2             -       Implements Thermal Monitor 2 control
PBE             -       Supports use of FERR#/PBE# pin

For Windows 11 Sandbox, strangely enough, the differences are slightly difference with Hyper-V guest.

HTT             *       Hyperthreading enabled
CET             *       Supports Control Flow Enforcement Technology
Kernel CET      -       Kernel-mode CET Enabled
User CET        *       User-mode CET Allowed
HYPERVISOR      *       Hypervisor is present
VMX             -       Supports Intel hardware-assisted virtualization
SVM             -       Supports AMD hardware-assisted virtualization
X64             *       Supports 64-bit mode

SMX             -       Supports Intel trusted execution
SKINIT          -       Supports AMD SKINIT
SGX             -       Supports Intel SGX

NX              *       Supports no-execute page protection
SMEP            *       Supports Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention
SMAP            *       Supports Supervisor Mode Access Prevention
PAGE1GB         *       Supports 1 GB large pages
PAE             *       Supports > 32-bit physical addresses
PAT             *       Supports Page Attribute Table
PSE             *       Supports 4 MB pages
PSE36           *       Supports > 32-bit address 4 MB pages
PGE             *       Supports global bit in page tables
SS              *       Supports bus snooping for cache operations
VME             *       Supports Virtual-8086 mode
RDWRFSGSBASE    *       Supports direct GS/FS base access

FPU             *       Implements i387 floating point instructions
MMX             *       Supports MMX instruction set
MMXEXT          -       Implements AMD MMX extensions
3DNOW           -       Supports 3DNow! instructions
3DNOWEXT        -       Supports 3DNow! extension instructions
SSE             *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions
SSE2            *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 2
SSE3            *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 3
SSSE3           *       Supports Supplemental SIMD Extensions 3
SSE4a           -       Supports Streaming SIMDR Extensions 4a
SSE4.1          *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 4.1
SSE4.2          *       Supports Streaming SIMD Extensions 4.2

AES             *       Supports AES extensions
AVX             *       Supports AVX instruction extensions
AVX2            *       Supports AVX2 instruction extensions
AVX-512-F       *       Supports AVX-512 Foundation instructions
AVX-512-DQ      *       Supports AVX-512 double and quadword instructions
AVX-512-IFAMA   *       Supports AVX-512 integer Fused multiply-add instructions
AVX-512-PF      -       Supports AVX-512 prefetch instructions
AVX-512-ER      -       Supports AVX-512 exponential and reciprocal instructions
AVX-512-CD      *       Supports AVX-512 conflict detection instructions
AVX-512-BW      *       Supports AVX-512 byte and word instructions
AVX-512-VL      *       Supports AVX-512 vector length instructions
FMA             *       Supports FMA extensions using YMM state
MSR             *       Implements RDMSR/WRMSR instructions
MTRR            *       Supports Memory Type Range Registers
XSAVE           *       Supports XSAVE/XRSTOR instructions
OSXSAVE         *       Supports XSETBV/XGETBV instructions
RDRAND          *       Supports RDRAND instruction
RDSEED          *       Supports RDSEED instruction

CMOV            *       Supports CMOVcc instruction
CLFSH           *       Supports CLFLUSH instruction
CX8             *       Supports compare and exchange 8-byte instructions
CX16            *       Supports CMPXCHG16B instruction
BMI1            *       Supports bit manipulation extensions 1
BMI2            *       Supports bit manipulation extensions 2
ADX             *       Supports ADCX/ADOX instructions
DCA             -       Supports prefetch from memory-mapped device
F16C            *       Supports half-precision instruction
FXSR            *       Supports FXSAVE/FXSTOR instructions
FFXSR           -       Supports optimized FXSAVE/FSRSTOR instruction
MONITOR         -       Supports MONITOR and MWAIT instructions
MOVBE           *       Supports MOVBE instruction
ERMSB           *       Supports Enhanced REP MOVSB/STOSB
PCLMULDQ        *       Supports PCLMULDQ instruction
POPCNT          *       Supports POPCNT instruction
LZCNT           *       Supports LZCNT instruction
SEP             *       Supports fast system call instructions
LAHF-SAHF       *       Supports LAHF/SAHF instructions in 64-bit mode
HLE             -       Supports Hardware Lock Elision instructions
RTM             -       Supports Restricted Transactional Memory instructions

DE              *       Supports I/O breakpoints including CR4.DE
DTES64          -       Can write history of 64-bit branch addresses
DS              -       Implements memory-resident debug buffer
DS-CPL          -       Supports Debug Store feature with CPL
PCID            *       Supports PCIDs and settable CR4.PCIDE
INVPCID         *       Supports INVPCID instruction
PDCM            *       Supports Performance Capabilities MSR
RDTSCP          *       Supports RDTSCP instruction
TSC             *       Supports RDTSC instruction
TSC-DEADLINE    -       Local APIC supports one-shot deadline timer
TSC-INVARIANT   -       TSC runs at constant rate
xTPR            -       Supports disabling task priority messages

EIST            -       Supports Enhanced Intel Speedstep
ACPI            -       Implements MSR for power management
TM              -       Implements thermal monitor circuitry
TM2             -       Implements Thermal Monitor 2 control
APIC            *       Implements software-accessible local APIC
x2APIC          *       Supports x2APIC

CNXT-ID         -       L1 data cache mode adaptive or BIOS

MCE             *       Supports Machine Check, INT18 and CR4.MCE
MCA             *       Implements Machine Check Architecture
PBE             -       Supports use of FERR#/PBE# pin

PSN             -       Implements 96-bit processor serial number

PREFETCHW       *       Supports PREFETCHW instruction

For the information above, it seems like Hyper-V exposes almost all the important CPU Instructions to the guest OS without any configuration which is difference with VirtualBox such as what mentioned on the Stack Overflow link below on quite many users find it difficult to enable AVX CPU Instructions.

How to enable AVX / AVX2 in VirtualBox 6.1.16 with Ubuntu 20.04 64bit?

Summary: The Future of Work in the Age of AI

The Edge Malaysia Weekly (May 26, 2025 – June 1, 2025) Digital Intelligence: AI’s impact on jobs: Evolution not extinction is an article that worth reading about the future of work in the AI age. Please consider heading to The Edge Malaysia to read the full article.

AI Summary

AI will transform rather than eliminate jobs, creating a net gain of millions of new roles by 2030. It automates repetitive tasks but enhances human creativity, strategy, and empathy. Across sectors like tech, finance, healthcare, and manufacturing, AI acts as a tool that boosts productivity while humans handle complex decisions. Emerging roles include AI developers and ethicists. Success in the AI era requires combining technical skills with emotional intelligence and adaptability.

How to add Pure CSS table to Blogger.com

It is simple to add Pure CSS table CSS style to Blogger.com. First, go to Blogger dashboard > Theme > Edit HTML. Then, add the line below to before </head> and save.

<link href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/purecss@3.0.0/build/tables-min.css' rel='stylesheet'/>

An example of table will be like below, just make sure the table has a class attribute is pure-table.

<table class="pure-table">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>#</th>
            <th>Make</th>
            <th>Model</th>
            <th>Year</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>1</td>
            <td>Honda</td>
            <td>Accord</td>
            <td>2009</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>Toyota</td>
            <td>Camry</td>
            <td>2012</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>Hyundai</td>
            <td>Elantra</td>
            <td>2010</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

#	Make	Model	Year
1	Honda	Accord	2009
2	Toyota	Camry	2012
3	Hyundai	Elantra	2010

How to add Mermaid.js to Blogger.com with dark theme

1. Go to Blogger dashboard > Theme > Edit HTML.
2. Add these lines before </head>. Note: Please go to https://mermaid.js.org/config/usage.html to check the latest usage.

<script src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid@11.6.0/dist/mermaid.min.js'/>
<script>
  mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad: true, theme: 'dark'});
</script>

3. Finally, the example mermaid.js code and diagram will be like below:

<div class="mermaid">
  graph TD;
    A-->B;
    A-->C;
    B-->D;
    C-->D;
</div>

graph TD; A-->B; A-->C; B-->D; C-->D;